{"id":637,"date":"2025-01-10T22:31:55","date_gmt":"2025-01-10T22:31:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/?page_id=637"},"modified":"2025-11-19T01:56:06","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T01:56:06","slug":"red","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/index.php\/red\/","title":{"rendered":"ReD"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"637\" class=\"elementor elementor-637\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40a085f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"40a085f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d15535a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d15535a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-259349d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"259349d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong>Author: Luciano Pandola<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34eed12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"34eed12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The ReD experiment<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea3a7f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ea3a7f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Recoil Directionality (ReD)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> project operates since 2018 a miniaturized dual phase Argon TPC, readout by Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM). The main goal of the project is to study the response of the detector to nuclear recoils, as expected from WIMP interactions. Two different scientific cases have been addressed:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">scrutinize the <\/span><b>directionality effect<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, i.e. the potential sensitivity of the Argon TPC to the direction of the nuclear recoil, as suggested by the result of the previous SCENE experiment;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">measure the response of the detector to <\/span><b>very low-energy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> nuclear recoils (&lt; few keV), that would be produced by low-mass WIMPs.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition, as the ReD TPC features the same <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/link_to_sipm_page\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SiPM readout<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> foreseen for DarkSide-20k, it was a very valuable test bench, allowing to test the detector performance within a realistic scenario.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cce8dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9cce8dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"511\" src=\"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-639\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-1.png 900w, http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-1-300x170.png 300w, http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-1-768x436.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08299d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08299d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The ReD TPC<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7491c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a7491c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The heart of ReD is the dual-phase Argon <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/link_to_tpc_page\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Time Projection Chamber<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (TPC). It is a fist-sized detector (5 x 5 x 6 cm), basically a miniaturized version of the <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/link_to_ds20k_page\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DarkSide-20k<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> TPC. The TPC is delimited on the top and on the bottom by two transparent windows made of acrylic, and on the sides by acrylic walls. The top and bottom windows are coated with a thin layer of a transparent conductor (called ITO) so they can be operated as electrodes to establish an electric field in the TPC.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As in all dual-phase TPCs, the liquid is topped by a thin gaseous layer (the \u201c<\/span><b>gas pocket<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d). Upon an interaction inside the liquid volume, a prompt light signal, called scintillation or S1, is produced. Then, electrons generated in the liquid are drifted towards the gas-liquid interface by the electric field, extracted in liquid and then accelerated to produce the delayed electroluminescence signal S2. The time delay between S1 and S2 is proportional to the distance between the initial interaction point and the liquid-gas boundary. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f88fca e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9f88fca\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9582e8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9582e8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5823bf7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5823bf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The light signals S1 and S2 are detected by two arrays (\u201ctiles\u201d) of SiPMs, which are located behind the transparent windows. Each array is made of 24 SiPMs, each of about 1 cm<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> area. The 24 SiPMs of top tile are readout individually: this is because the pattern on the S2 signal detected by the individual SiPMs can be used to estimate the position of the initial interaction point. The light detectors of the bottom tile are readout in groups of six instead.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06faa22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"06faa22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"837\" height=\"513\" src=\"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-640\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-2.png 837w, http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-2-300x184.png 300w, http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-2-768x471.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 837px) 100vw, 837px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e295ecf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e295ecf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-fe2fb30b-7fff-2053-9fcc-834cf6ab300f\" style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Before starting the experimental program, the ReD TPC was studied and characterized in depth at INFN Napoli [1], in order to ensure that the performance met the requirements necessary to achieve the scientific goals of the subsequent phases.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfe66a5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bfe66a5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93ea1a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"93ea1a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Directionality studies<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1850319 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1850319\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Directional sensitivity is a key asset for any WIMP-searching experiment: in fact, since Earth, with the entire Solar System, is traveling towards a specific direction within the Milky Way, it is expected that Earth is facing an apparent \u201cgalactic wind\u201d of WIMPs, coming from the opposite direction, i.e., from the Cygnus constellation. The correlation between the nuclear recoil direction and the expected direction of the WIMP galactic wind would, therefore, represent an unmistakable smoking gun for a possible dark matter discovery.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The SCENE experiment [2] provided a hint that a dual-phase Ar TPC may have directional sensitivity for nuclear recoils, i.e., that the response of the TPC is different for nuclear recoils having the same energy but in a different direction. Given the critical importance of this capability, the ReD experiment was designed to scrutinize this possible sensitivity. For this purpose, it is necessary to produce <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ar recoils <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the TPC of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">known energy and direction<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: this is achieved by irradiating the detector with neutrons, which interact with Argon nuclei and produce nuclear recoils, as much as WIMPs.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neutrons of suitable energy were generated by shooting a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Li beam from the <\/span><b>TANDEM accelerator<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (Catania, Italy) onto a CH<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> target. The reaction of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Li on the hydrogen within the target produces a neutron and an accompanying <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Be nucleus, which can be detected and used for tagging. Neutrons scattered by <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">40<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ar nuclei in the TPC are then detected by a neutron spectrometer made by an array of liquid scintillators.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d2bac9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4d2bac9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e708599 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e708599\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"937\" height=\"385\" src=\"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-3.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-641\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-3.png 937w, http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-3-300x123.png 300w, http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-3-768x316.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 937px) 100vw, 937px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82e5ad4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"82e5ad4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"706\" height=\"478\" src=\"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-4.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-642\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-4.png 706w, http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-4-300x203.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4afbaf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d4afbaf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to the two-body kinematics, the detection of the scattered neutron at a given angle is sufficient to infer the energy and direction of the nuclear recoil in the TPC.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The beam run took place in February 2020: the configuration was set up to tag nuclear recoils of about 70 keV in the TPC, emitted in different directions with respect to the electric field, in order to test a potential directional sensitivity. Data were analyzed according to a dedicated theoretical model [3]: <\/span><b>no evidence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of directional sensitivity was found and an upper limit on the extent of the effect could be set [4].<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eaa9d3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eaa9d3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Measurement of the TPC response at low- energy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03b5d66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03b5d66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding the response of an Ar dual-phase TPC to very low- energy nuclear recoils is crucial for experiments searching for <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/link_to_lowmass\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">low-mass WIMPs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In this case, the recoil energy of the Ar nucleus is very low (&lt; a few keV), and the S1 signal is often undetectable, thus leaving the ionization S2 signal only. Measurements of the ionization yield in Argon are very poor at low energy: direct measurements are only available up to 7 keV.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A dedicated measurement employing the ReD TPC was designed in order to cover the gap and extend the coverage down to 2 keV.\u00a0 As before, the key idea is to produce Ar recoils in the TPC of known energy by irradiating the detector with neutrons. For this measurement, neutrons are produced from a <\/span><b>252<\/b><b>Cf source<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by fission events, together with nuclear fragments and gamma rays: the latter can be detected by a nearby detector to provide an event-start signal. Neutrons are collimated by a polyethylene structure within a cone of about 2\u00b0 opening, which points towards the TPC. As above, neutrons that are scattered by Ar nuclei in the TPC are then detected by a neutron spectrometer, which is made by two arrays of plastic scintillators. The plastic scintillators used in this measurement are smaller than the liquid scintillators used for the directionality runs in order to improve the angular resolution. The time of flight of neutrons from the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">252<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cf source to the neutron spectrometer is used to measure its kinetic energy: the timing resolution is as good as 0.7 ns, which allows the neutron energy to be measured at better than 5%.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2853d25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2853d25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"922\" height=\"433\" src=\"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-5.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-643\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-5.png 922w, http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-5-300x141.png 300w, http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-5-768x361.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 922px) 100vw, 922px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7247d5b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7247d5b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20b46d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"20b46d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"613\" height=\"523\" src=\"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-6.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-644\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-6.png 613w, http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/ReD-6-300x256.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 613px) 100vw, 613px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5cd6c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5cd6c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The data taking took place between January and March 2023 at the INFN Sezione di Catania.\u00a0 Data analysis has\u00a0 confirmed that ReD collected and characterized a sample of <\/span><b>nuclear recoils down to 2 keV<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, thus meeting its design goal [5]. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59ef7ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59ef7ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What\u2019s next?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ef9fc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ef9fc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ReD effort will be further extended by a new project,<\/span><b> ReD+<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, funded by a PRIN grant from the Italian Ministry of Research. ReD+ is designed to push the sensitivity down to 0.5 keV, by using the same conceptual design of ReD and improved experimental set-up.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the key elements of this next phase is the DD-Neutron Generator, which is being commissioned at the University of S\u00e3o Paulo Physics Institute. This device generates neutrons from a deuterium-deuterium reaction. The main motivation for its usage is the well-collimated mono-energetic neutron beam, which allows the exploration of lower recoil energies and a better look for possible directional sensitivity.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7de8c90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7de8c90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><i>References<\/i><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f52e246 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f52e246\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[1] P. Agnes et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 1014 (2021)<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[2] H. Cao et al.,\u00a0 Phys. Rev. D 91, 092007 (2015)<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[3] P. Agnes et al., Eur.Phys. J. C 84, 24 (2024)<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[4] V. Cataudella et al., JINST 12, P12002 (2017)<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[5] I. Ahmad et al.,\u00a0 PoS TAUP2023 (2024) 052<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Author: Luciano Pandola The ReD experiment The Recoil Directionality (ReD) project operates since 2018 a miniaturized dual phase Argon TPC, readout by Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM). The main goal of the project is to study the response of the detector to nuclear recoils, as expected from WIMP interactions. Two different scientific cases have been addressed: scrutinize [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-637","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=637"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/637\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":933,"href":"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/637\/revisions\/933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ds-web.lngs.infn.it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}